External challenges to the economic expansion of emerging markets in the post-COVID 19 and post-COP26 era: A balance-of-payments constrained growth (BPCG) perspective

The purpose of this study is to assess, from a Balance of Payment Constraint Growth (BPCG) theoretical perspective, current key challenges of developing countries that spring from two broad exogenous factors. These factors are: i) global shocks that affect the world economy, and ii) major economic policy changes in developed countries. The BPCG perspective helps to identify to what extent these challenges are rooted in the developing countries' vulnerabilities and structural weaknesses linked to their role in international trade and capital markets. To discuss the current uncertain global environment potential implications for developing economies – growing inflation, hawkish monetary policy, cross-border flows redistribution, as well as the geopolitical redefinition of international trade and global value chains, among others - the present work builds a BPCG model for the post-COVID era and applies it to evaluate challenges to growth in six countries: Chile, Colombia, Ghana, India, Mexico, and Turkey.

Prospects for employment of persons with disabilities in the post-covid-19 era in developing countries

The global environment has been hit with a pandemic of cataclysmic proportion. The COVID19 has created havoc on all countries and has claimed the lives of over 3 million individuals and affected over 100 million persons at the time of writing this paper. Countries have been forced to implement measures to safeguard their population. Included in these measures is work from home strategies. The crisis, whilst catastrophic in nature;has created some opportunities for groups such as persons with disabilities through remote employment. The author examines through a case study, the prospects for employment of persons with disabilities using the concept of remote employment. The Business Process Outsourcing sector is the focus of study. The fundamental question to answer in the study is to what extent can the Business Process Outsourcing sector employ more persons with disabilities in the Post-COVID19 era? The article is completed with some recommendations.Points of interestThe COVID-19 pandemic presents challenges and opportunities for persons with disabilities.This article is about the possibilities of working from home by persons with disabilities in the after COVID-19 environment through the use of new technologies.The article is prepared by looking at a fast growing employment sector which showed that there is a big growth in working from home and that the chances are great for the employment of persons with disabilities through this means, with the aid of new technologies.Most of the public facilities across poor and middle-income countries are unfriendly to persons with disabilities and making some of these individuals work from their homes is a very good means of employing some of them in the labour market.This research is therefore important in showing how poor and middle-income countries can add to the employment of persons with disabilities by working from home with the use of new technologies and some recommendations are made on how to achieve this objective.

Environmental Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Experience of Bogotá, 2020.

During the novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic, several environmental factors have influenced activities and protection policy measures in cities. This has had a major effect on climate change and global environmental catastrophe. In many countries, the strategy of closing various activities such as tourism and industrial production stopped normal life, transportation, etc. This closure has a positive impact on the environment. However, the massive use of masks and personal protection could significantly increase pollution worldwide. The impact on the environment needs to be calculated to have information for public health actions. In this study, we present a first overview of the potential impacts of COVID-19 on some environmental matrices in Bogotá, Colombia.

Subscription Business Models in the Manufacturing Field: Evidence from a Case Study

Manufacturing companies operate in global environments where competition is increasingly aggressive. To remain competitive, they need to differentiate themselves by updating and expanding their offerings to customers, for instance through the digitalization and servitization phenomena, which allow companies to innovate business models in this direction. This paper deals with an analysis of the subscription business model, which has recently attracted the attention of manufacturing companies for the possibility to establish long-term partnerships with customers by providing services on a continuous basis in return of recurring payments. After a first analysis of the literature on this topic, the effective implementation of the subscription model in the manufacturing environment is analyzed through a case study. The analysis shows that the development of subscription models is strengthened by the utilization of digital tools since they enable processing customers’ data for new service offering generation, leading companies to differentiate their business towards customer-centric solutions. In conjunction, the case study shows how barriers to the implementation of subscription models in the manufacturing sector are still present. Despite this, the Covid-19 pandemic has highlighted the potential of this offer, allowing companies to stay in touch with their customers, and to maintain, or even increase, the revenue streams. © 2022, IFIP International Federation for Information Processing.

Sustainable Innovations in Circumstances of Pandemic Influencing Global Economies and Environment

Circular economy and sustainability have become a burgeoning consciousness in the recent years. It will be better appreciated and embraced by every individual when it becomes a part of our education curriculum across the globe. This should drive inter-disciplinary innovations to foster sustainability. Rapid industrialization in the twentieth century provided a major impetus for global urbanization. This led to the development of cities around industrial areas contributing largely to the socio-economic progress around the world. Cities turned into centers of education and employment for a significant portion of the growing population. To date, people are continuously migrating from rural to urban areas in pursuit of opportunities and a better lifestyle. However, this economic growth came at a huge cost of undesirable effects on the environment as well as human health. The COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated the development of key technology trends, including digital payments, telemedicine, and robotics. These technologies can help reduce the spread of the coronavirus while helping businesses stay open. Technology can help make societies more resilient in the face of pandemics and other threats. During the COVID-19 pandemic, technology plays a crucial role in keeping our society functioning in isolation and quarantine. And these technologies may have a long-term impact beyond COVID-19. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

Live or be left to die? Deregulated bodies and the global production network: Expendable workers of the Bangladeshi apparel industry in the time of Covid: The Interdisciplinary Journal of Organization, Theory and Society

This paper draws upon the experience of mainly women workers in the Bangladeshi apparel industry to explore whether deregulated bodies are the fundamental condition of work in the global production network (GPN). We organised the study during the first waves of Covid-19. To conceptualise how ‘deregulated bodies’ have been structured into the industry as the exchange condition of work, we draw on the work of transnational feminist and Marxist scholars. The study provides insights about how a gendered GPN emerged under the neoliberal development regime;the pattern of work and work conditions are innately linked to volatile market conditions. By documenting workers’ lived experiences, the paper enhances our empirical understanding of how workers depend upon work, and how a form of expendable but regulated life linked with work has been embedded in GPN. Our findings reveal that unlike those of other human beings, workers’ bodies do not need to be regulated by norms that enable protection from Covid-19. As for the workers, work implies earning for living and survival, so ‘live or be left to die’ becomes the fundamental employment condition, and the possibility of their death an overlooked consideration. This reality has not changed or been challenged, despite the existence of compliance regimes. We further argue that as scholars, we bear a responsibility to consider how we engage in research on the implications of such organisation practices in a global environment, when all of us are experiencing the pandemic.

IMO’s Marine Environmental Regulatory Governance and China’s Role: An Empirical Study of China’s Submissions

The International Maritime Organization (IMO) plays a significant role in global marine environmental governance, providing a forum of regulatory oversight for member states. Member states are the main actors of the IMO and exert considerable influence on the process of lawmaking. Among these member states, China is unique due to its multiple identities. There are various factors influencing interests behind China’s multiple identities, which fully engage the country in various shipping and maritime trade activities. This article examines China’s role in the IMO marine environmental regulatory governance. It identifies the impact of China on global ocean governance and indicates the development and reforms in the global governance system. China enacted the China Ocean Agenda 21 for its strategy of ocean development. Thus, China is the object of study in this examination of empirical research that collects submissions from 2001 to 2020 related to marine environmental governance. The findings reveal that the extent to which China participates in such governance has considerably increased, and although the contribution of China’s submissions is still in development, its role in the IMO is no longer merely that of a follower, and the efforts of the country have had a positive influence on the IMO’s marine environmental regulatory governance, including its legal instruments.

A Covid 19: QR Code based Health Monitoring System

The epic Covid 2019 is likewise known as Coronavirus is a continuous infection that was spread rapidly around the world. It's the outbreak affects hundreds of thousands of people and it has a growing impact on daily lives. It affected the global economy and environment too. The main problem is that in the densely populated country it's very difficult to detect the positive cases earlier as much as possible and to prevent the rapid spread of this and to treat the patients quickly. This project is aimed at supplying healthcare providers with ways to use the 'Health Monitoring System' to reduce such viral flues. This project is mainly focused on android application development. It is mainly directed to the people in quarantine. Their information will be collected from these people themselves. By this application collecting the details of people in a questionnaire mode by using a QR code who has gone for the test of covid'19. This application provides physically contactless and wireless technology to help prevent the further spreading of this disease at the time of collecting the details of the people. Here the details and results of people are transferred to the applications are done by scanning the QR codes. The main advantages of this project are that there is no need of enquiring about health for health workers by contacting the patient's details directly. The significance and purpose of this project are to providing user-friendly support to reduce the number of infected people and helping to maintain social distance and also reduce physical contact and find the exact location of the patient. © 2021 IEEE.

Healthcare and the human centered organizational culture during the COVID-19 pandemic: The Italian experience

This chapter presents the experience of the Health Agency of Modena Province, Italy, during the COVID-19 pandemic using a case study approach. Consideration needs to be given to the fact that the chapter was first written at the beginning of April 2020 while the COVID-19 pandemic was in full effect in a highly uncertain and unpredictable global environment. Italy, Belgium, the UK and Spain were the countries most affected by the pandemic in Europe. Data were collected by healthcare professionals directly involved in the management of COVID-19 pandemic and interpreted by a multidisciplinary team, including mental health, public health, business management and statistics/machine learning scholars. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)

RELAÇÕES BRICS-NIGÉRIA E OS NEXT ELEVEN: AS DINÂMICAS DE PODER ECONÔMICO ANTES E DEPOIS DAS DISRUPÇÕES DA PANDEMIA DE COVID-19

Desde o surgimento dos BRICS – Brasil, Rússia, Índia, China e África do Sul – ocorreram muitas mudanças no ambiente global. Os BRICS não têm servido apenas como plataforma diplomática para seus compromissos multilaterais e negociações de seus países membros, mas também como um veículo para impulsionar as interações políticas, econômicas e socioculturais dos membros com outros países, como a Nigéria. O lançamento de Jim O’Neill do relatório dos Próximos Onze (Next Eleven) trouxe à tona as perspectivas do surgimento de outro grupo de poder ou do futuro alargamento dos BRICS. Com base na proposição anterior de que o grupo dos Próximos Onze (de onze países) estão no caminho certo para alcançar os BRICS, contanto que sustentem seus níveis de crescimento, este artigo examina a posição da Nigéria nos Próximo Onze vis-à-vis aos BRICS, com referência particular às perspectivas de seu surgimento como uma potência econômica antes e depois da pandemia de COVID-19. Conforme observado, apesar de a Nigéria possuir elementos críticos de poder que incluem geografia, tamanho da população e recursos econômicos, força militar e experiência diplomática, ainda não conseguiu aproveitá-los para alcançar prosperidade e grandeza. Conclui-se, portanto, que as perspectivas do país, incluindo o futuro de suas relações com blocos de potências emergentes globais, como os BRICS, dependem de sua superação de desafios críticos que prostraram o país antes mesmo das rupturas de sua economia provocadas pela pandemia de COVID-19.Alternate : Since the emergence of the BRICS – Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa – there have been lots of changes in the global environment. The BRICS has not only served as a diplomatic platform for their multilateral engagements and negotiations of its member countries, but also as a vehicle to drive the political, economic and socio-cultural interactions of the members with other countries such as Nigeria.Jim O’Neill’s release of the ‘Next Eleven’ report brought into sharp focus the prospects of the emergence of another power group or the future enlargement of the BRICS. Predicated on the earlier proposition that the ‘Next Eleven’ group of 11 countries, were on track to catch up with the BRICS provided they sustained their growth levels, this article examines Nigeria’s position in the Next-11 vis-à-vis the BRICS, with particular reference to the prospects of its emergence as an economic power before and after the COVID-19 pandemic. As observed, despite Nigeria’s possession of critical elements of power that include geography, population size, and the economic resources, military strength and diplomatic experience, it is yet to harness them to achieve prosperity and greatness. It therefore concludes that the country’s prospects thereof including the future of its relations with global emerging power blocs, such as the BRICS, are hinged on her overcoming critical challenges that have rendered the country prostrate even before COVID-19-driven disruptions of its economy.

Influence of COVID-19 on the poultry production and environment.

Although chickens are not susceptible to SARS-CoV-2, several coronavirus disease outbreaks have been described concerning poultry processing facilities in different countries. The COVID-19 pandemic and the developed strain caused 2nd, 3rd, and recent Indian strain waves of epidemics that have led to unexpected consequences, such as forced reductions in demands for some industries, transportation systems, employment, and businesses due to public confinement. Besides, poultry processing plants' conditions exacerbate the risks due to the proximity on the line, cold, and humidity. Most workers do not have access to paid sick time or adequate health care, and because of the low wages, they have limited reserves to enable them to leave steady employment. In addition, workers in meat and poultry slaughterhouses may be infected through respiratory droplets in the air and/or from touching dirty surfaces or objects such as workstations, break room tables, or tools. Egg prices have increased dramatically during the lockdown as consumers have started to change their behaviors and habits. The COVID pandemic might also substantially impact the international poultry trade over the next several months. This review will focus on the effect of COVID-19 on poultry production, environmental sustainability, and earth systems from different process points of view.